Vim Li Cas Thiaj Siv Tsev Tu Teeb Meem Me txhawm rau Foob Kev Saib Tsis Taus?

Yog tias lub chaw lag luam ntiag tug lossis tus tswv tsev saib tsis taus koj vim yog koj li kev xiam oob qhab, koj tuaj yeem foob lawv rau hauv tsev tu plaub ntug ntawm tsoom fwv lossis tsev tu plaub ntug ntawm xeev lossis koj tuaj yeem xa ntawv foob mus rau koom haum ntawm tsoom fwv lossis ntawm xeev kom rov xyuas dua. Tiam sis, yog tias koj li kev thov nyiaj pab yog $10,000 lossis tsawg dua, koj tuaj yeem foob rau hauv tsev tu plaub txog teeb meem me. 

Qhov txheej txheem teeb meem me nws ceev thiab pheej yig. Cov cai nws yooj yim thiab tsis tas ua raws kev raws cai. Thiab, koj tsis tas yuav muaj ib tug kws lij choj hais plaub.

Siv phau ntawv me no kawm txog:

-       Cov kev cai lij choj twg pov thaiv koj?

-       Yuav foob rau hauv tsev tu plaub txog teeb meem me tau li cas

-       Koj yuav tsum muaj cov foos ntawm tsev tu plaub ntug rau koj li case kev thov nyiaj pab tsawg

Cov Kev Cai Lij Choj Twg Pov Thaiv Kuv?

Kev cai lij choj ntawm California hais tias yog ib lub chaw lag luam qhib rau zej tsoom sawv daws, xws li ib lub chaw muag khoom noj, tsev tos qhua lossis chaw ua haujlwm kho mob, saib tsis taus koj vim yog koj li kev xiam oob qhab, koj tuaj yeem foob lawv tau.  Ib tsab kev cai lij choj ntawm tsoom fwv hu ua Tsab Kev Cai Hais Txog Cov Neeg Meskas Xiam Oob Qhab (ADA, Americans with Disabilities Act) kuj pov thaiv koj ib yam. 

Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm California yog li cas?

Muaj peb tsab kev cai lij choj tseem ceeb ntawm California uas pov thaiv koj:

-       Tshooj 51 ntawm Txoj Kev Cai Pej Xeem California (Txoj Kev Cai Hais Txog Cai Pej Xeem ntawm Unruh) (California Civil Code [Unruh Civil Rights Act]) pov thaiv koj yog tias ib qho chaw ua lag luam twg saib koj qis dua saib lwm tus uas tsis xiam oob qhab.1

-       Tshooj 54.1 ntawm California Civil Code pov thaiv koj yog ib qho chaw ua lag luam ua nyuab nyuab rau koj mus rau hauv lossis mus ncig tej chaw uas qhib rau sawv daws (xws li nkag tsis tau tej qhov rooj lossis tej chav dej). Tshooj no puav leej pov thaiv koj yog tias ib lub chaw ua lag luam twg tsis pub koj siv tej khoom lag luam lossis tej kev pab cuam mus ntxiv vim yog koj li kev xiam oob qhab. Piv txwv li: tsis pub koj siv koj li tsiaj pab cuam, lossis, tsis muab kev pab cuam rau koj ib yam li lwm tus neeg thov kev pab cuam tau txais.  Tshooj no puav leej tsis pub cov tswv tsev thiab lwm tus uas muab vaj tse saib koj qis los ntawm koj li kev xiam oob qhab.2

-       Tsab Cai Kev Ntiav Ua Haujlwm thiab Vaj Tse Uas Ncaj Ncees (FEHA, Fair Employment and Housing Act), ua rau nws tsis raug kev cai rau ib tug tswv tsev twg los mus saib tsis taus lossis tsim txom ib tug neeg twg vim yog lawv li haiv neeg, cev nqaij daim tawv, kev cai dab qhuas, poj niam txiv neej, poj niam nyiam poj niam txiv neej nyiam txiv neej, keeb kwm haiv neeg, poj yawm txwv koob, kev muaj cuab muaj yig, chaw khwv nyiaj los, lossis kev xiam oob qhab.3

Koj tuaj yeem foob ib qho chaw ua lag luam lossis lwm lub koom haum uas qhib rau sawv daws, lossis ib tug tswv tsev twg (lossis lawv tej neeg lis dej num) rau qhov kev ua txhaum tej kev cai lij choj no.

Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm tsoom fwv yog dab tsi?

Tsab Kev Cai ADA, tshwj xeeb mas yog Title III, tsis pub tej chaw ua lag luam uas qhib rau sawv daws (xws li chaw muag khoom noj haus, tsev tos qhua, chaw muag txiv hmab txiv ntoo, chaw muag khoom siv, thiab cov tswv tej tsheb thauj mus los ntiag tug) saib koj qis raws koj li kev xiam oob qhab.  Title III ntawm Tsab Kev Cai ADA puav leej tseev kom tej chaw ua haujlwm lag luam no ua rau tej neeg xiam oob qhab tuaj yeem nkag tau mus rau tej kev xiam oob qhab.4 Title II ntawm Tsab Kev Cai ADA muaj qhov sib xws tseev kom ua tau rau tej kev pab cuam thiab tej chaw ua ua haujlwm ntawm xeev thiab tsoom hwv cheeb tsam ze.5

Tsab Kev Cai Vaj Tse Uas Ncaj Ncees (FHA, Fair Housing Act) pov thaiv kev saib tsis taus rau ntawm kev xauj thiab yuav ib lub tsev.6  Tsab Kev cai FHA hais tseg tias kev saib tsis taus xam muaj ib qho kev tsis lees ua kev pab yam muaj paus ntsis raws tej kev cai, tej kev nqis tes ua lossis tej txheej txheem thaum yuav tsum tau ua pab lub hwv tsam uas sib luag ntawm tug neeg xiam oob qhab txhawm rau siv thiab zoo siab rau lub chaw nyob.7  Sib xws li hais los, Tsab Kev Cai FHA tseev kom tus tswv tsev tso cai kev hloov kho tej vaj tse yam muaj paus ntsis thiab raws tej kev cai (thaum yuav tsum tau pab xws li hwv tsam uas sib txig zos thiab zoo siab rau tej chaw nyob).8

Yog tias ib lub chaw lag luam hauv California ua txhaum Tsab Kev Cai Neeg Meskas Xiam Oob Qhab (ADA) ne yuav ua li cas? 

Kev cai lij choj ntawm California cia rau koj foob kev ua txhaum tsab cai ADA tab txawm ADA yog ib txoj kev cai lij choj ntawm tsoom fwv.9

Ib lub chaw ua lag luam twg ua txhaum tsab cai ADA yog tias nws: 

-       Tsis muab kev siv rau koj sib luag lossis tag nrho nws tej khoom lag luam, tej kev pab cuam, tej chaw ua haujlwm, thiab tej khoom rau cov neeg tshwj xeeb siv; lossis

-       Cais koj siv rau ib qho lossis rau lwm qhov chaw txawv (tshwj tsis yog tias lawv ua qhov no txhawm kom koj tau khoom lag luam ib yam thiab thiab tej kev pab cuam uas muab rau lwm tus); lossis 

-       Siv tej neeg pob haujlwm lossis cov neeg lis haujlwm tus uas saib koj lis vim yog koj li kev xiam oob qhab.

Xav paub xov xwm ntau ntxiv txog ADA, mus saib ntawm Rooj Tsav Xwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees tus vev xaib qhia txog ADA (www.ada.gov) lossis tiv tauj rau Disability Rights California. 

Kev cai lij choj ntawm California xav li cas txog ib qho “kev xiam oob qhab”?

Kev cai lij choj pov thaiv cov neeg los ntawm kev saib tsis taus vim yog muaj lossis zoo li muaj kev paus cev lossis hlwb uas ua rau ua tej dej num loj ntawm sim neej tiav nyuaj.10  Qhov no xam muaj kev puas lub cev thiab lub hlwb, xws li, tab kuj tsis yog cov no xwb: mob tau ntev lossis mob tas mob tuaj xws li mob HIV/AIDS, mob siab, qaug dab peg, mob nriaj tes nriaj taw, ntshav qab zib, mob nyuab siab ntxhov siab, mob puas hlwb, mob hlab ntsha txhaws, thiab kab mob plawv.

Puas yog qhov chaw ua lag luam yuav tsum tau nrhiav ib qho chaw so nyob uas kuv xav tau vim yog kuv li kev xiam oob qhab?

Tej zaum.  Tsab cai ADA hais tias tej zaum tej chaw ua lag luam kuj yuav tau muab kev pab rau koj, muab qee yam cuab yeej lossis technology, tshem tej yam uas thaiv kev, muab tej neeg txhawj piav tes, lossis lossis hloov ib qho es ua rau koj tuaj yeem mus tau tej khoom lag luam thiab kev pab cuam yam sib luag zos.  Tiam sis kev cai lij choj hais tias tej kev pab thiab kev hloob no yuav tsum tsis txhob kim heev rau lub chaw lag luam uas xyuas raws tej peev txheej ntawm chaw lag luam thiab tej zaum kuj yuav mus txog rau lub niam tuam txhab. lossis hloov qhov ib txwm muaj ntawm txoj lag luam.11 Txawm li cas los xij, xws li tej zwj ceeb uas tsis tshua muaj.  Lub chaw ua lag luam kuj tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab tej kev pab yam muaj paus ntsis yog tias tus neeg uas thov tej kev pab mua qhov yuav tsis zoo rau lub cev lossis kev nyab xeeb ntawm lwm tus uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm lossis txo los ntawm kev muab yam muaj paus ntsis .12

Kuv puas tuaj yeem foob ib lub chaw ua lag luam twg ntawm California?       

Tau.  Koj tuaj yeem foob “txhua lub chaw ua lag luam dab tsi los xij.”13   Qhov no txhais tau tias txhua qhov chaw ua lag luam uas qhib rau sawv daws, xam muaj, piv txwv li: 

Chaw muag khoom noj haus, chaw muag khoom, chaw saib yeej yam kiab, ATM, chaw rau roj tsheb

-       Tsev kho mob, chaw kho mob me, thiab kws kho mob tej chaw ua haujlwm thiab tus kws lij choj hais plaub li chaw ua haujlwm

-       Tej dav hlau, tej tsheb ciav hlau, tej tsheb npav, thiab tej nkoj (kev aij dav hlau nws muaj lwm cov kev cai lij choj uas txawv haum nrog)

-       Tej tsev kawm ntiag tug, tej koom haum ua tu menyuam, thiab tej lag luam uas muab xov tooj, tej kev sib txuas ntawm (TDD, Telecomunications device for the deaf) thiab (TTY, Teletype Terminal) 

-       Tej chaw tawm dag zog kom txhob muaj mob, tej chaw cia puav pheej lossis tej chaw so. 

-       Tej tsev tos qhua loj, tsev tos qhua me, tsev tos qhua caij tsheb, lossis lwm qhov kev pab (tsis li ces muaj tag nrho tsib chav rau xauj thiab tus tswv nyob nrog)

Koj tsis tuaj yeem yuav foob tej chaw lag luam xws li tej chaw ntiag tug uas dawb huv lossis kev cai dab qhuas.14  Li cas los xij, nws tsuas yog hais tias ib lub chaw ua kev lom zem muaj qhov tseev kom ua ntawm tus tswv cuab, tsis tas yuav tsum tau nws yogi b lub chaw ua kev lom zem ntiag tug raws kev cai lij choj. Feem ntau, txhawm rau zam tsab kev cai ADA lub chaw ua kev lom zem yuav tsum tau yog ib lub tsis vam txiaj ntsig, tsuas qhib rau cov tswv cuab nkaus xwb thiab lawv tej qhua thiab thiab tsis tuaj yeem yuav ua tswv cuab tej txheej xwm rau sawv daws, xws li tej koob tsheej kev sib tw, tej chaw saib xyuas kev ncaj ncees cheeb tsam ze lossis cov tub coj xwm uas nrhiav peev. 

• 1. Txoj Kev Cai Pej Xeem California § 51, et seq. “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 2. Txoj Kev Cai Pej Xeem California § 54.1 “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 3. Cal. Txoj Cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv (California Government Code) § 12955 “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 4. 42 Txoj Cai hauv Teb Chaws Meskas (U.S.C., United States Code) §12182 Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 5. 42 U.S.C.  §12131, et seq. “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 6. Saib 42 U.S.C. § 3604(c) “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 7. 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(3)(B) “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 8. 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(3)(A) “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 9. Txoj Kev Cai Pej Xeem California § 54.1 “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 10. Cal. Txoj Cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv § 12926(i) thiab (k). “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 11. 28 Txoj Cai Ntawm Cov Cai Qhuab Hauv Tsoom Fwv (C.F.R., Code of Federal Regulation) § 36.104 “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 12. 42 U.S.C. § 12182(b)(2)(A)(ii) thiab (iii), Civ. Txoj Cai § 51, et seq. “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 13. Txoj Kev Cai Pej Xeem California § 51(b). “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”
• 14. 28 C.F.R. § 36.104 “Rov Mus Rau Feem Ntaub Ntawv Loj”